learn C++ static, namespace, comments, long snake_case naming method, file stream and string stream, header usage.

learn C++ full good practice by doing such project like shortest path problem.

header guard:

#ifndef DIJKSTRA_H
#define DIJKSTRA_H

ensure compile once, equal to:

#pragma once

structured bindings, const int &, auto

utilize const auto &[v, weight]:

for(const auto &[v,weight] : graph.get_neighbors(u)){
	file << "a " << (u + 1) << " " << (v + 1) << " " << weight << "\n";
}

random number generation

static Graph create_random_graph(int num_vertices, int num_edges, int max_weight = 1000) {
        Graph graph(num_vertices);
        random_device rd;
        mt19937 gen(rd());
        uniform_int_distribution<> vertex_dist(0, num_vertices - 1);
        uniform_int_distribution<> weight_dist(1, max_weight);
        
        for (int i = 0; i < num_edges; i++) {
            int u = vertex_dist(gen);
            int v = vertex_dist(gen);
            if (u != v) {
                int weight = weight_dist(gen);
                graph.add_edge(u, v, weight);
            }
        }
        
        return graph;
    }

vector has 
	back(), pop_back(), begin(), end(), [], size()